Hakların Bağlantısını Kesmek: 2023 Telekomünikasyon Yasası Sonrası Hindistan’da İnternet Kapatmaları, Orantılılık ve İnsan Hakları Hesap Verebilirliği
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22958056Anahtar Kelimeler:
internet kesintileri- orantılılık- dijital erişim- 21. madde- yargısal denetimÖz
Hindistan’da internet kesintilerine ilişkin güncel hukuk, 2023 Telekomünikasyon Kanunu’nun 20. maddesi ile 2024 Telekomünikasyon Hizmetlerinin Geçici Olarak Askıya Alınması Kuralları’na dayanmaktadır. Yeni Kurallar; kararların yayımlanması, gerekçelerin açıklanması, coğrafi alan ve sürenin belirlenmesi, kararın yirmi dört saat içinde inceleme komitesine iletilmesi ve kesintinin son çare olarak değerlendirilmesi bakımından önceki rejimi geliştirmiştir. Bununla birlikte inceleme mekanizması yürütme organı içinde kalmakta, her karar için on beş günlük üst sınır korunmakta ve orantılılık incelemesinin yoğunluğu ile ispat yükü belirsizliğini sürdürmektedir. Bu çalışma, temel sorunun artık yapılandırılmış bir testin yokluğu değil, orantılılığın gerçek bir denetim yerine biçimsel bir ifadeye dönüşmesi olduğunu savunmaktadır. Çalışma; kanunilik, meşru amaç, rasyonel bağlantı, gereklilik, dar kapsamlı düzenleme ve güvencelerle dengeleme aşamalarından oluşan, devleti somut kanıt sunmaya zorlayan altı basamaklı bir test geliştirmektedir. Test, Foundation for Media Professionals kararında incelenen Jammu ve Keşmir mobil veri hız kısıtlamasına uygulanmaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca Anuradha Bhasin ile Pragya Prasun kararlarını uzlaştırmaktadır: dijital erişim mutlak ve sınırsız bağımsız bir hak değildir; ancak Anayasa’nın 21. maddesinin asli bir unsurudur ve 14. ile 19. maddelerdeki hakların kullanılmasını sağlayan bir araçtır. Önerilen model; yirmi dört, kırk sekiz ve yetmiş iki saatlik aşamalı denetim, temel hizmetlerin sürekliliği, yayımlama yükümlülüğü ve tazminat ile yapısal giderimlerin ayrılmasını içerir
İndirmeler
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