Writing Rules
General Principles about the Writing Rules. 2
Article Form Thesis and Extended Article. 3
Abstract, Keywords and Summary. 5
Documents, Tables, Figures and Graphs. 5
Three Types of Basic Sources and Examples for Bibliography and Citation. 9
Thank you for choosing to submit your article to the Journal. These instructions will help your article move smoothly through the consideration process. Please take the time to read and follow them as closely as possible, since doing so will ensure that your article matches the Journal's requirements. Editorial enquiries should be addressed to the Editor at <info@alanadi.tld>.
For a brief and practical explanation of article writing rules, Article Template and Title Page files can be downloaded. In these templates, many formats such as headings, subheadings, citations, references and block quotations to be used in the article are organized with ready-made format styles. Authors can make their writings comply with the specified rules by using these styles.
Articles submitted to the Journal should not have been published previously or sent for publication simultaneously elsewhere.
Articles should be written according to the following formatting style guidelines.
The articles submitted to the Journal must belong to one of the following categories:
Peer-Reviewed Articles
Research Article: an original study that brings innovation to science invalidates former arguments or brings a new perspective, presents new documents.
Review Article: A study that brings together and evaluates existing scientific research on a specific topic. It can offer a new perspective.
Articles submitted to the Journal in this category,
- -must not be based on a limited number of studies in Turkish writing, but must cite the Turkish and/or foreign language (English) primary sources in the field in.
- -must be prepared by using relevant research methods and models in the field and must have the quality to contribute to the field meaningfully.
- -must be research which assesses, criticizes, and presents new views about a formerly-published work.
- -must be research in which a concept or theory is discussed, criticized or explained.
- -must be in accordance with the publishing principles and rules of the Journal.
Non-Peer Reviewed Articles
Studies written in article format but different from peer reviewed research articles.
Review: a study reviewing the recent or seminal works in the relevant field: book review, article review, conference review, thesis/ dissertation review etc. like peer-reviewing a self-reviewing is possible
Interview: question and answer study with the authors, translators, editors and / or publishers of newly published works on the field, and with the authors and/or consultants of newly defended master's or doctoral theses.
Research Note: short study in theory, case study, or method etc. (maximum 2,000 words).
Publicity Article: study in the form of news or reviews written to promote a newly released product
Op-ed/ opinion article: as the name suggests, is an article where author’s opinion is expressed on an issue. It includes commentaries and rejoinders.
Translated Article: study in which a previously published article is translated into Turkish or English.
In translation articles, the translator(s) should receive permission from the author(s) of the relevant article. The translator is solely responsible for the accuracy of all translations. If possible, please attach the necessary permission letter or email correspondence (screenshot) to the Ethics Declaration Form during the application process.
Other Types of Articles: letters to the editor, report (project, meeting), policy reports, policy briefs etc.
General Principles about the Writing Rules
Submission
In taking a step toward expediting the publication process, the Journal uses a web-based submission and peer-review system: OJS ve DergiPark
If you have not got ORCID ID, you must create an account for yourself in the system by clicking “Login” at the right side of the Journal web page <alanadi.tld>. After you have logged in, click on the “submit a manuscript” button to submit a new manuscript and follow steps 1-5 (1. Manuscript Information 2. Authors 3. Files 4. Additional Information 5. Review and Send). Please read the Publication Guidelines and Principles before uploading your articles. In case of necessity, the article in doc or docx format could be sent by e-mail to <info@alanadi.tld>. To get announcements about Journal, please became subscribers as a reader or authors in by clicking “users” button at the left side of the page after logging in.
To create an account on the Journal, you should visit the Journal's website <alanadi.tld> and click on the "Register" button on the right side of the page. Create an account with the "Author" role in the system.
To start the article submission process, log in or click on the "Dashboard" icon in your profile picture at the top right corner of the Journal's website. Then, click on "Submissions" and "New Submission." Before uploading your article, confirm the language, title, and submission requirements by clicking on "Begin Submission." This will start the 5-step submission process: 1. Details 2. Upload Files 3. Contributors 4. For the Editors 5. Review.
While the article is being uploaded to the system, the following information can be written in the “4. For the Editor” or “4. Additional Information” step, along with any notes the authors wish to convey to the editor: The "science field" and "code" appropriate to the subject area of the article from the "core" tables "Application Requirements for the UAK Associate Professor Examination"
The information of the author/s of the article in Title page: i. author's name and surname (surname in capital letters), ii. title, affiliation (department, faculty university, city, country) (in Turkish and English) iii. ORCID number, and iv. primary e-mail Address (if any, secondary e-mail address); thank you note, if any; if the article was previously presented/published as a proceeding, thesis, etc elsewhere, the note explaining this situation;
Since the full article file uploaded to the Journal to be evaluated at the files level is the evaluation version shared with the referees, the name of the author/s should not be included in this file as per the blind review policy. In addition, author information should be deleted by entering file properties(file-Info- Related People section -Properties-“Advanced Properties (drop-down menu)- Summary-Author. Articles do not need to be sent separately by post.
Peer Review Policy
The articles are evaluated at three steps. These steps are (i) pre-evaluation, (ii) peer-reviewing, and (iii) final evaluation.
Manuscript which Editorial Board has found relevant in terms of scientific quality, ethics and research methods, form, and field sends to at least two anonymous referees of expertise for review. The manuscript is accepted for publication if both referees are positive. If one referee report is positive while the other one is negative, the paper is sent to a third referee.
The manuscripts which have been decided to be revised shall be submitted by the author(s) within no later than two weeks. The revised text may be re-examined by the demanding referee should the Journal Editorial Board find necessary.
The manuscripts submitted shall be published within the final decision of the Editorial Board following the “can be published” approval of the two experts in the field.
Authors shall consider criticisms, assessments and revisions of the referees and the Editorial Board. If the author has any points he/she does not agree with, he/she has the right to specify these issues in a separate page within the justification thereof.
The manuscripts, following the approval by the referees, are makes ordered by the Editorial Committee, based on dates of completion of referee reports and also based on the scope of the Journal.
Authors of the papers that are not accepted for publication are informed by e-mail.
Article Form Thesis and Extended Article
In the case of submitting of unpublished thesis, it would be appropriate to add a note that “article is based on the masters‘ thesis/ Ph.D. dissertation defended in …… in …. University titled …….. under the supervision of ……....” Similar note could be added to other unpublished article such as congresses/symposia presentation. If advisor made a substantial intellectual contribution to thesis, in article his/ her name could be listed as a co-author after corresponding author.
In extended and revised articles, later version should be at least 50% different from the previous one. It must be added a note like that: “This article was expanded and revised edition of paper titled “…….” which was presented/published”.
All details required by your funding and grant-awarding bodies must be supplied properly. For example, this work was supported by the [Funding Agency] under Grant [number xxxx].
First Submission Format
Language of publication is Turkish and English. The texts submitted must be clear understandable and be in line with scientific criteria in terms of language and expression.
The article submitted for consideration must not be less than 4,000 words or must exceed 10,000 words including the abstracts and references.
All articles should be submitted in the form of.doc or.docx files.
The Journals are flexible with regard to the format of initial article submissions. Within reason, style and length do not influence consideration of an article. If revisions are requested, the editor request formatting instructions (in footnote and bibliography) at that time.
After the article is submitted, article is prepared by the Journal according to the Publication ready format, and then reviewing and revising is done through this version. Instead of the text sent by the author, the designed page is sent for review.
Page Setup
Article is prepared by the Journal according to the Publication ready format by Journal. The information in this subtitle is for informational purposes only.
Document page setup: in margin 1,25 cm for all sides of the page, landscape orientation, two pages per sheet of paper (printing); in paper A4; in layout different headers and footers in the odd & even pages and first pages.
All texts should be justified except for the Titles, column headings, and captions; all text is published in Calibri font with one space lining. In article there is different font size, alignment and paragraph spacing.
First Page
The first page of all proposals shall include the following information: title, author info, abstract and keywords.
English and Turkish title should be 11 pt and spacing before paragraph 0 pt after paragraph 18 pt.
Manuscript titles follow Chicago Manual of Style rules on headline style capitalization. These include capitalizing the first and last words in titles; capitalizing all other major words; lowercasing articles (the, a, an); lowercasing prepositions regardless of length except when they are used as adverbs or adjectives; and lowercasing coordinating conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).
-Turkish and English abstracts and keywords should be in 9 pt. keywords paragraph spacing must be 9 pt before paragraph 18 pt after paragraph.
The body text of the articles can be written in 10 pt., fully justified, 0,5 cm hanging indent, paragraph spacing before paragraph 0 pt after paragraph 4 pt.
The footnotes can be consecutively numbered, single-spaced, and written in 8 pts., paragraph spacing before paragraph 0 pt after paragraph 2 pt.
Name of the author/s, his/her title, institution affiliations (university, faculty and department names) and e-mail address must be indicated under the title (where available, please also include ORCiDs) in title page. Footnotes for other explanations must be provided both in the text and down the page in numbers.
After the title, name and surname and contact information are published in five lines: (i) Name SURNAME (full name, no initials, surname capitalized, no title) in 10 pt, paragraph spacing before paragraph 0 nk after paragraph 9 nk
Contact Information is written in 8-point font in the footnote: (i) Title, (ii) Affiliated Institution, (iii) ORCID (Open Researcher and Participant Identification Number) number, (iv) e-mail.
Place a “<” sign before the URL and a “>” sign after the URL and email addresses.
The current and relevant education and position of employment shall be written in Title, Affiliation line. Title, (MA Student/ MA, Ph.D. Student/ Dr., Res. Asst., Asst. Prof Dr., Assoc. Prof. Dr., Prof. Dr.), Affiliation (Department/Program or Division Name, Faculty/ Insitution, University/ Institution Name, City, Country). If the education and employment have different affiliations, the educational institution can be written in parentheses.
Headings and Subdivisions
Instead of separate subheading styles (bold, italic, centered, etc.), all headings are formatted the same way using the decimal system, which better explains the hierarchy of the subheadings.
If there are subheadings under the headings in article, please use numbered headings. If not, to use numbered headings is not necessary. Unless you're writing a very long and complex article, refrain from using more than three level of subheadings. The headings and subheadings should be appeared in bold and flush left and also numbered decimally such as 1., 1.1., 1.1.1. The headings and subheadings should be written in headline-style (not sentence style) capitalization.
Cover
Journal’s layout of the cover includes the logo, picture, trim lines, and spine width. All authors of accepted research articles are welcome to submit ideas for the cover. The submission may be based on or resemble the figures in your article and your images should be both artistic and informative. Even images that look like simple reproductions of figures from the Journal will could be selected for the cover. You may wish to download and use our cover image template to ensure that your image is sized correctly to fit the cover and spine. The picture should have a resolution of at least 300 dpi. The file should be large enough to fit the Journal cover, which prints at A5 (14,8 x 21). Any text layers should be on separate, removable layers. A finalized cover legend is appeared in the table of contents. This should be a brief paragraph that describes the cover image and relates it to the major findings of your article. There is no limit to the number of submissions for each paper. However, submissions should be as complete and final as possible. The permission of the copyright holder of any copyrighted images should be had.
Abstract, Keywords and Summary
In a separate paragraph after author info, type Abstract: (italicized) and then write you text. that substantively summarizes the article. In a separate paragraph after the abstract, a list of three to six keywords. Type Keywords: (italicized) and then list the keywords (roman, headline-style capitalization, and separated by commas). and end with a period.
At the beginning of the articles A 200-300 words informative abstract must be written. Abstract is not introduction or statement of intent which is the first section of paper, but it provides the reader with a clear description of your study and its results without the reader having to read the entire paper. Turkish abstract is compulsory.
Traditionally, an (structured) abstract consists of one paragraph and provides the readers with a summary of the research objective, methods used, results obtained, and conclusions. Abstract lets readers get the essence of your paper quickly in order to decide whether or not to read the full paper or skip to the most relevant portion, prepares readers to follow the detailed information, analyses and arguments that the headlines address regarding the subject. Even structured abstracts in several paragraphs containing sub-headings - such as background, aim(s), method(s), results and conclusions could be summitted.
A 4-7 keywords informative keyword must be written. All keywords must be separated by periods in headline-style capitalization. capitalized, Keywords should be separated by commas
At the end of the article, a summary in English for texts written in Turkish; a summary in Turkish for the texts written in English (700- 1000 words) can be written.
Articles with significant errors in grammar and syntax will not be considered for review.
If the science code information related to the study field can be entered, 3 scientific field codes could be written. Elazar, Weine, Library of Congress (LCC), Dewey Decimal (DDC), or Universal Decimal (UDC) classifications
Quotations
Quotations used in the text should be given in double quotation marks (not italic); Quotations exceeding 4 lines should be written as a new paragraph, indented, single spaced and blocked (not italic). The original text should not be changed. When skipping a word or part from the original quote, (not in square brackets -[... ]) ellipsis... (space between periods) should be used. Quotations within quotes should be written in single quotation marks (“ …‘…’…”). Use italics only if present in the quoted text; if the parts that the quoted author wants to emphasize are to be italicized, and the emphasis that belongs to the author(s) should be stated in parentheses.
Documents, Tables, Figures and Graphs
The size of the images in the magazine displayed in A5 (14.8 x 21) size should be sized by taking into account four margins (1.25) and 8 point 18 pt single line spacing header (1 cm) and 8 point 0 pt single line spacing footer (0.25). Accordingly, the image to be published as a single page should have a maximum line length, i.e. 12.3 cm width and 17.25 cm height (43 lines). The most appropriate size of the photo in the text is 8 cm line width or height. Since the page structure is A5 (14.8 x 21), the 12.3 wide texts are reduced by half when cut to 7-8 cm on a computer, like a mobile phone.
Every table should have a number and a (short and descriptive) title flush left on the line above the table. Every figure should have a number and a caption flush left on the line below the figure.
Appendixes
If appendixes are provided (this is not required), they appear on a new page after the text and before the References section. Multiple appendixes are labeled with letters (Appendix A, Appendix B). A single appendix is labeled without the letters (Appendix).
Attachments shall be presented at the end of the text and down below shall be brief information as to the content of the document and citation for sources.
Both figure captions and table titles must be the same font and size as the main text of your document, even if the font inside the figure/table differs.
Other attachments (Table, Figure, Graphs) shall be presented as Additional Table: 1, Additional Graph: 3 and Additional Figure 7 if indicators other than the text are too many in number; attachments shall be presented after the references.
References to these attachments in the text shall absolutely be made as Additional Table: 1, Additional Graph 3 or Additional Figure 7. If citation has been made for table, figure, graph or picture, resource shall absolutely be indicated.
Template for Article
The Word templates prepared for the magazine are uploaded to the system in.dotx format. The .dotx format allows them to be saved with a new name after downloading / opening. In this way, the original template is preserved and the possibility of accidentally changing the template is eliminated.
In order to ensure that article templates are readable on mobile phones without scrolling, the appropriate paper size, font and line spacing are very important. In this direction, the following eye recommendations have been made in order to make it readable by scrolling the mobile screen from right to left, but not too much lower than magazine sizes (B5: 176 x 250 mm) or A4 (210 x 297 mm) and to have a compact appearance: Paper Size: A5 (148 x 210 mm): This size increases the readability of the mobile image. Since the A5 page width (148 mm) is shorter than B5 (176 mm) or A4 (210 mm), the text margins (12.5 mm) are optimized for readability without leaving too much space.
Font and Size: Font: Calibri font has been selected, which has fewer spaces between characters.
Font Size: main text 10 points, footnotes 8 points Line Spacing: 4 pt line spacing.
Title and Subheading Sizes: Decimal prompts for titles and subheadings were manually reviewed and highlighted with differentiated fonts (bold, centered, etc.).
The best part of the template is that there are 15 paragraph-based styles marked with "*" for the necessary formatting. This limited number of styles is one of the most effective ways to ensure consistency between mass formatting and different formatting. While the template assigns styles to a maximum of 4 subheadings, there are paragraph-based styles for footnotes, references, list paragraphs and block quotes. While footnotes, references and block quotes are for mass and consistent formatting, the subheadings at 4 levels, table and visual titles and list paragraphs (numbered, bulleted) (List Paragraph) are additionally numbered.
In the created template, the "Heading 1" style is used instead of the "Title" style for the article title, and this causes the subheadings to move forward one row. In addition, the default name of the template appears before the asterisk (*) sign. The fact that no styles are assigned for other formatted words is intended to keep the document simple and functional.
Stilles starting with an asterisks (*) special to article template in the Styles gallery, located on the Home tabs, should be applied to text.Since the styles in the template are set to Turkish, the language settings must be updated when writing in other languages. To avoid too many styles, styles are assigned to 16 different typefaces that will be applied to multiple paragraphs, numbered or displayed in the navigation pane: “*Diğer Alt Başlık”, “*Dipnot”, “*Görsel”, “*Kaynakça”, “*Normal”, “*Sağdan Sola” “*Tablo Başlığı”, “*1.1.1.1. Alt Başlık “, “*1. Alt Başlık”, “*1.1.1. Alt Başlık”, “*Başlık”, “*1.1. Alt Başlık”, “*Blok”, “*Madde
basis for all other styles
Font: (Default) Palatino Linotype, 10 pt, Complex Script Font: +Body CS ("Custom Style" Arial), Indent: First line: 0.75 cm, Left-to-right, Justified, Space After: 4 pt, Widow/Orphan control, Style: Show in the Styles gallery
The styles that are frequently used in the template are displayed in the Quick Styles gallery. To move others to the Styles gallery, on the Home tab, click the Styles Dialog Box Launcher.
In the template, instead of automatic formatting with styles, manual formatting (adding and formatting text, overwriting text or combining formatting) can be done. In addition, some styles (e.g. highlights, italic quotations, table content) can be found by default in the style gallery in the Word document. If you have additional style requirements or suggestions, you can share them. The quotation format in the template is temporary, if it does not suit your needs, please specify.
None of the styles in the template are character styles that apply formatting (font, size, color, etc.) at the character level; they are dependent styles that apply formatting at the paragraph and character level, and do not apply character formatting (font, size, color, etc.) to paragraphs when first applied.
The style should be applied starting with the asterisk while writing. In template especially automatic numbering should still be applied for i. The decimal numbered headings viewed in the navigation pane (“,*1. Alt Başlık 1 | Heading 1”etc.) ii. tables (“*Tablo Başlığı | Table Title”) and iii. Visualization (“*Görsel Başlığı | Image Title”). İf there, styles can be applied or overwriten or merged formatting for other styled text (Indroduction, Conclusion, References vb. Numbered titles (“*Diğer Alt Başlık 1 | Other Sublitle 1” ), Ad, Soyad, Makale Başlığı (“*Başlık | Title”).
Styles are applied to paragraph-based text, such as bibliographies or footnotes that have multiple paragraphs applied, numbered tables and figure captions, block quotes, or subheadings shown in the navigation pane, while styles are not specified for font formatting (font, size, color, etc.) for character-based text.
When pasting a large text written in another template into this template, Merge Formatting should be done. When writing in this template, it may be necessary to select a style other than the normal style. The style should be applied by selecting it after placing the cursor at the beginning of the paragraph or at any location. For small text, if there is a style, it can be applied or style application alternatives (adding and formatting text, overwriting text or merge formatting) can be applied. Bold format should not be used except for headings.
Additional styles should be applied to headings one by one by placing the cursor. Footnotes and references should be applied individually or collectively by selecting them. Since character formatting (especially italics) will be lost in paragraphs written in styles other than normal text or applied once, collective styles should be applied with care.
When using the bibliography style (*Reference |Reference), it should be done by placing the cursor anywhere in the paragraph (without selecting or highlighting the entire paragraph) in order not to spoil the direct formatting. In case all paragraphs are made collectively, the cursor should be placed in any part of the paragraph whose text is plain (not italic or bold) and style should be applied to that paragraph, and then it should be applied to all paragraphs at once. (Instead of selecting the word in the bibliography style, the style can be applied by placing the cursor on the word. Thus, the character application is done first.)
The Introduction and Conclusion subheadings should be formatted as “Other Heading 1.” in the styles pane. The appropriate decimal numbering should be marked in the article’s subheadings. The number at the beginning of unnumbered headings should be deleted.
The template file is in draft format (dotx) and can be edited as a normal MS Word document (docx) after downloading. It can also be copied as Word on Google Drive or saved in Google Docs format. After creating a copy as Word in Google Docs, styles should be added with copy and paste since there is no style gallery when editing on the cloud. It is not recommended to work with Google Docs since many of the styles are not recognized when saving in Google Docs format. After making changes, the file should be closed and reopened and not downloaded that way.
There are no styles in Word for languages written from right to left.
Abbreviations
and others: et al.
editor: ed.
Page: p.
Appendix: app.
Especially: esp.
Pages: pp.
Book: bk.
Figure: fig.
Part: pt.
Chapter: chap.
Note: n.
Pseudonym: pseud.
Compare: cf.
Notes: nn.
Translator: trans.
document :doc.
Number: no.
Versus: vs.
Edition: ed.
Opus: op.
Volume: vol.
Note: All abbreviations are lowercase, followed by a period. Most form their plurals by adding “s.’’ The exceptions are note (n. → nn.), opus (op. → opp.), page (p. → pp.), and translator (same abbreviation)
Italic Words
italics must be used for isolated foreign words/phrases (7.51) (on its first occurrence), words that need to be highlighted, word as a word not used in the meaning or to a word or phrase in an unusual way other than titles of books, serial publications, film name, and long artistic pieces.
Special formatting is appropriate only the first time it is applied to a word a phrase. Thereafter, the word or phrase is presented in plain text unless clarity demands the continued use of italics
Words with Quotes
Quotation marks in roman type are used for translation of a non- English term in text and a word or phrase given in a special/unusual sense (ironically), or purposefully misused other than for quotes, titles of articles or chapters, minor works or Titles of parts of larger works. ‘single-quotation’ or «angular quotation» marks, bold (except headings), or underlined styles are not used.
Use single quotation marks for specialized terms.
Çok kullanılmaz abd ingilzicesinde….
For languages using Latin alphabet, the name should be provided in original writing. Names written in other languages should be provided together with English or Turkish translations.
Words used from different languages other than the manuscript’s language should be written in italic.
Italics are used for isolated words and phrases in a foreign language if they are likely to be unfamiliar to readers. If a foreign word becomes familiar through repeated use throughout a work, it need be italicized only on its first occurrence. If it appears only rarely, however, italics may be retained.
Phrases of a sentence or more should be set in quotes in roman type. (11.8). Foreign quotations in text (long or short) are always set in roman type with quotation marks. (Translations in parens (11.8–92)) Block quotations (foreign or English) are set in roman with no quotation marks. If both are presented (no matter the order), the second begins a new line and is set in square brackets [ ].
Foreign quotations in text (long or short) are always set in roman type with quotation marks. Use parens () if you add it after the quote, outside the quotation marks. Use square brackets [ ], if you insert a translation into the quote. If you insert a translation into the quote, use square brackets [ ]. If you add it after the quote, outside the quotation marks, use parens ().
Concepts and terminology that Turkish versions are not very well known or used differently by different scholars, should include it’s original language versions within parentheses in italic type. The foreign word or phrase is in italics, followed by its translation in parens (a gloss) or quote marks in Roman type (Foreign terms with translations).
Ital or quotes for foreign song titles?
Quotes: Word as Word
………. mosque (jami)….
………. masjed (mosque)….
………. cami “mosque” (from Arabic sjd root…)
Integrated into the English language and appear in standard English dictionaries are set in roman type: fait accompli, pro rata, mea culpa, a priori.
If foreign words are proper nouns, they are always set in roman type.
Titles of books and articles in Roman script will be recorded in the original language. If that language is deemed by the author of the article to be highly inaccessible to most readers, they will be followed, at the author’s discretion, by an English translation in parentheses.
Titles of books and articles in non-Roman scripts will be recorded in transliteration and followed by an English translation in parentheses. When the publisher of the book or Journal provides the title or contents in English, in addition to the original language, prefer that translation unless it contains glaring mistakes.
Documentation style in formatting, citation and reference should be given according to international standards. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), Journal title/book title, chapter /article title, year of publication, volume number and the pagination must be present.
Due to becoming interdisciplinary Journal writing and referencing can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. We gently advise authors the use of The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS): Note and Bibliography (Author- Title) for formatting.
Each reference must have at least 50 characters and max 500 characters. Please do not forget to leave a blank line between each reference.
Journal of International Peace Studies accepts a using a particular The Chicago Manual of Style (CMS): Note and Bibliography (or Turabian) system as documentation style. See the CMS manual for issues not listed in this guideline. (available online at http://chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html).
Citations may be placed in In-Text Citation or at the bottom of the pages (footnotes) of your article. Bibliography (references) shall be placed after the conclusion of article.
“References” have to be given only in the form as “Surname, Name. Title of the Work. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year.” in both in-Text Citation or Footnote Citation systems are preferred,
As a largers sources, name of the publications in footnotes (Title of Book and Title of Journal) shall be indicated in italic and title of article title of chapter, webpage as a small part of a larger sources in quotation marks; page numbers cited shall be specified.
Full information of the resources cited shall be given; any un-cited resource shall not be presented in the references.
Books, articles, reports, news articles, archival documents...[et al.] will be given in alphabetical order (classified in their own kind or together).
Exact page numbers of the articles should be specified.
In using the word processor plug-ins from reference management software such as Mendeley, Zotero and EndNote citations and bibliographies could be automatically formatted in CMS.
In titles of articles, books, and other sources, each word shall be capitalized, except for articles (the, an), prepositions, or conjunctions, unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle.
Three Types of Basic Sources and Examples for Bibliography and Citation
In CMS, there are three types/ format of basic sources: book, chapter (in edited book) and article (in Journal). Citation elements in book and article consist of three parts, book chapter consists of four parts in notes where references and citations are given (N) and bibliography where sources is written (B). In book, which is the most basic sources, there are order of three parts/ items within the citation: (Author, Title, Edition Information), in book chapter there is "Title of Chapter" in addition to these three parts. In article "Title of Article" part is necessary but Edition Information part is not necessary except Year. In CMS the parentheses are used only for (Location: Publisher, Year) in notes and for (Year) in articles in notes and bibliography.
Format II: Book Chapter is most suitable format for other kind of sources (Entry in an Encyclopedia Web Web Paper Presentation Published Proceedings)
Below while bold ones must be written exactly the same, for others appropriate information should be written.
In international common citation styles including Chicago style, work information (Author, Title, Edition Information) about the work are generally separated by a “comma” in footnotes, and by “dot” in the references. In the references, the separation of the title and its information by a “dot” is necessary for citation referencing softwares for analyzing and interpreting the title and its information in order to make them meaningful.
While in the footnote Edition Information (Location: Publisher, Year) is written in parentheses without commas after the name of the book in italics,
In the bibliography, it is written in without parentheses with period after the name of the book in italics.
- When a source is cited more than once, the citations after the first citation should only include the surname(s) of the author(s) and the shortened title. If the same source is cited in the footnotes following each other, “Ibid.” should be used. (Chicago discourages the use of ibid.in favor of shortened citations)
The first time you cite a source, you will include a full citation then shortened / succeeding notes or abbreviations like ibid in italic shall be used. If more than one book and article by the same author is used, after the first usage of the second source, the surname of the author, then shortened name for the book or article shall be used. In the case of references with more than four and more authors, all authors shall be written at the first instance and given in the shortened style afterwards. (14.24 –14.28)
Not all letters of the surname are capitalized.
Don't include the parts of publishers' names that are not required to locate the publisher such as Publisher.
Titles of unpublished works appear in "quotation marks"—not in italics. This treatment extends to theses and dissertations, which are otherwise cited like books.
Format I: Book- References
* Surname, Name, ed• Title of Book• Translated by Name Surname• Location: Publisher, Year•
Example I- References
Kimmerling, Baruch and Joel S. Migdal. The Palestinian People: A History. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003.
Footnotes
First citation
Name Surname, Title of Book, (Location: Publisher, Year), page/s.
Baruch Kimmerling, Joel S Migdal, The Palestinian People: A History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003), 212.
Shortened Notes
Surname, Shortened Title of Book, page/s.
Kimmerling et al., The Palestinian, 212.
Consecutive citation
Ibid. page/s.
Ibid. 212.
Citation to only source by that author
Surname, page/s.
Kimmerling, 212.
Format II: Book Chapter- References
*Surname, Name, Name Surname, and Name Surname• "Title of Chapter•" In Title of Book, edited by Name Surname, pages• Location: Publisher, Year•
Footnotes
First citation
Name Surname, Name Surname and Name Surname, "Title of Chapter," in Title of Book, ed. Name Surname (Location: Publisher, Year), page/s.
Shortened Notes
Surname, Surname and Surname, “Shortened Title of Chapter," page/s
Format III: Article (4+ Authors)- References
Surname, Name, Name Surname, Name Surname, and Name Surname• "Title of Article•" Title of Journal volume, no. issue (Year): pages• URL (accessed…)•
First citation
Name Surname et al., "Title of Article," Title of Journal volume, no. issue (Year): page/s. URL (accessed…)•
Format I: Book- References
Editor, Translator, or Compiler (In addition to author) of book
Surname, Name, ed• Title of Book• Translated by Name Surname• Location: Publisher, Year•
Preface/ Foreword/ Introduction/ or Similar Part of book (not italic)
Surname, Name• X to Title of Book• Location: Publisher, Year• Kindle edition•
Subtitle,
Surname, Name• Title of Book: Subtitle• Location: Publisher, Year•
edition or Multivolume work
Surname, Name• Title of Book• x vols, xth ed• Location: Publisher, Year•
Single volume in a multivolume work
(Author wrote all volumes)
Surname, Name• Title of Volume• Vol. x, Title of Volumes• Location: Publisher, Year•
Author wrote only one volume
Title of Volume• Title of Volumes, edited by Name Surname, vol. x•
Corporate Author, Government Report,
Institution• Title of Report• no. x (if acclicable)• URL•
Bibliography- Thesis/ Dissertation:
Surname, Name• "Title of Thesis•" Thesis level, Awarding Institution, Year• URL•
Format II: Book Chapter- References
Entry in an Encyclopedia
*Surname, Name• "Title of Entry•" In Title of Encyclopedia• Vol • URL (accessed Mouth Day, Year)•
Web Page
*Surname, Name • "Title of Web Page•" Name of Website or Publishing Organization (if applicable)• URL (erişim…)•
Titles of blogs and titles of books, Journals, television shows, movies, and other types of works should be treated the same whether cited as a print version or an online version.
Tweet
Lastname, Firstname [Institution] (@UserName)• "Full text of tweet." • Mouth Date, Year, hour• https://twitter.com/...•x
There is no need to use the preposition of "in" in Turkish, which is used before the title of the book while referring to "Book Chapter".
If there are two or more authors, there is no need to use the "ve" conjunction or "&" in Turkish in response to the "and" link between the author names.
Paper Presentation
Surname, Name• "Title of Paper•" Details of Conference such as Paper presented at ……….., Date• URL•
Published Proceedings
Surname, Name• "Title of Paper•" In Title of Proceedings, edited by Name Surname, pages• Location of Conference, Dates of Conference• Location: Organization/Publisher, Year•
Format III: Article- References
Abstract
Surname, Name• "Title of Article•” Abstract• Title of Journal, no. issue (Year): pages• DOI:x•
Chicago Style states that you only have to provide an issue number if it is Paginated by Issue (issue's pagination starts at page 1)
Newspaper or magazine article, online
Surname, Name• "Title of Article•" Title of Magazine or Newspaper• Mouth Date, Year• URL (accessed…)•
Popular but not academic newspaper and magazine articles may be cited in notes or running text and omitted from a bibliography or reference. In a reference list entry (if needed), if an access date is required, add it before the URL.
The articles should not have expression disorders arising from the meaning and grammar. The most important of the expression disorders arising from the meaning are the following: using unnecessary words, using the word in the wrong sense, using the word in the wrong place, together using words that contradict the meaning, misuse of idioms and proverbs, ambiguity, logic errors, etc. The most important of the expressive disorders arising from grammar are: unnecessary usage / excess (a- word b- annex c- auxiliary verb), b- element deficiency/ inaccuracy (a- subject b- predicate c- indirect complement d- object e- adverbial f - missing suffixes, g- complement), agreement mismatches (a- subject-predicate b- object-predicate c- adverb-predicate d- indirect complement-predicate e- propositional phrase f- conjunction-predicate g- framework h- misuse of verbals), the using of the word in the wrong place, the disruption of the structure of the words, the punctuation mistake,
